Preferred complaint strategies in Japanese and English


Appendix 4:

Inventory of English softeners collected from the JJ group


(N= frequency of occurrences)
Pragmatic Form Complaining to a roommate N Complaining to a professor N
Affective
particles
-yo (imperative or informative) 33 nikutuka 2
-yone? 26 0
-ya 24 0
-ne 16 0
-naika? 13 0
-kana 13 0
-yo + ne? 11 0
-jyanai ka(n)? 7 0
-yona? 4 0
-jyan? 4 0
-yona? 4 0
-jaro? 3 0
-yaro? 3 0
-zo 3 0
-daro(u)? 2 0
-desyo? 2 0
-yan(ka)? 2 0
-hen? 1 0
-wa 1 0
Hedges chotto 94 moshi yoroshikattara/yokereba 5
sukoshi 15 jibun narini 4
-toka 7 sorenari ni 1
nannka 7 ojitsu ha 3
dekireba/dekitara 6 0
semete 3 0
amari+nai 2 0
-mitai/-you nan dakedo 2 0
-darou/-jyarou kedo 2 0
-ichiou 2 0
chottode iikara 1 0
kamo 1 dakedemo 1
-no hazu 1 0
asuga ni 1 0
Emotive
verbs
to omou/omotta 7 10
ki ga suru 4 0
tsumori 1 15
shite mita 1 0
Hesitation
markers
ano ne/ ano sa 18 ano 18
tteka 3 &ndash 1
Apology gomen (kedo) 11 sumimasen 21
warui (nnda) kedo 4 jibun to shiteha 1
Sympathizers moshi nannka arun yattara shikatanai kedo 5 &ndash 0
chotto kurainara betsuni iindakedo/~wa betsuni shite 4 &ndash 0
kamo shirenaikedo 3 &ndash 0
wa iikedo/kamawannonjyakedo 2 sashitsukae nakereba 1
mo wakaru kedo 1 &ndash 0
Disarmers ~wa ii kedo 2 doushitemo -nai 1
~wa ii nikuin da kedo 2 &ndash 0
~to yakaku iu kennriha nai keredo 1 &ndash 0
~to wa iwan kedo 1 &ndash 0
watashimo kiotukeruke 1 &ndash 0
Gratitude ~shitekureruto iina/ureshii 2 ~tara saiwai desu 1
~nara tasukaru 1 &ndash 0

Note: Shaded cells are variations of the softener immediately above them.
Main Article Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4

2006 Pan SIG-Proceedings: Topic Index Author Index Page Index Title Index Main Index
Complete Pan SIG-Proceedings: Topic Index Author Index Page Index Title Index Main Index

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